MOSAiC Ontology

A type of current meter capable of simultaneous measurement of current velocity at a number of different depths based on determining Doppler shift of transmitted sound.

• Method/Device ^c
• NERC Terms ^c

• A temporal entity with zero extent or duration

• Una entidad temporal con una extensión o duración cero.

• has beginning ^op
• has end ^op

• A temporal interval or instant.

• Un intervalo temporal o un instante.

• has beginning ^op
• has end ^op
• has XSD duration ^dp

• Time instant ^c
• http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Interval ^c

• sosa:Sampler ^c
• sosa:Sensor ^c

The CAMPAIGN (synonyms: cruise, expedition, leg) is related to a certain project. Campaign as the second level in the data model may be used as an option, but is recommended to more easily list separate sampling locations.

• sosa:hosts ^op
• hasChiefScientist ^op
• hasEvent ^op

• Person ^c
• _MOSAiC Specific Term ^c
• Person ^c

• fromLocation ^op
• location ^op
• toLocation ^op

The PROJECT table is the uppermost level in the data model, used to define research projects. Projects defined in this table and linked to a dataset will appear in its metaheader.

MOSAiC, the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate", is listed on the Pangaea site as one of numerous "International Projects", with 273 datasets as of 28APR2021 (M. Schildhauer, personal communication)

The Basis represents platforms (e.g. a ship) or institutions (e.g. research stations) from which campaigns were carried out or which were used to take samples (e.g. raft, helicopter, ice floe). The entry of the Basis appears in the metaheader of a data set after the campaign label.

Information about BASIS Name: Name of ship, station, platform etc. URL link to basis Institute: if a basis is operated by a certain institute

• NERC Research Vessel Concept ^c
• Research Vessel ^c

The Method/device provides information about instruments (tools/gears/equipment) used to take samples or measure something during an Event. It also defines analytical equipment, tools, or publications describing a specific method used for measuring or calculation individual parameters.

Information about Method/device Name: full official name of tool/instrument/device/gear Abbreviation: may be used for import in an event list to avoid misspellings URL: should contain a web address, where an official description of the device can be found

• acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) ^c
• Broadband electromagnetic sensor ^c
• CTD, handheld ^c
• Sea ice buoy ^c
• Dynamic chamber surface flux system ^c
• Thermistor buoy ^c
• Snow buoy ^c
• Drift Towing Ocean Profiler ^c
• Ocean CTD buoy ^c
• Surface velocity profiler ^c
• Buoy, ice tracker ^c
• Buoy, universal tracker ^c
• Autonomous Ocean Flux Buoy ^c
• Ice corer ^c
• Helicopter ^c
• Magnaprobe Device ^c
• Ice thickness gauge Device ^c
• Snow sampler glove Method ^c
• Ice-Tethered Profiler ^c
• Buoy, radiation station ^c
• Seasonal Ice Mass Balance buoy ^c
• Atmospheric Surface Flux Station Device ^c
• Mobile radiation suite Device ^c
• Fixed-Layer Ocean Buoy ^c
• Ice-Tethered Profiler Buoy ^c
• Aircraft ^c
• Ship Weather Station ^c
• pCO2 sensor ^c
• Multibeam echosounder ^c
• Gravimetry ^c
• Magnetometer Device ^c
• Thermosalinograph ^c
• Sound velocity probe ^c
• Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Device ^c
• FerryBox Device ^c
• Camera ^c
• L-Band Microwave Radiometer ^c
• Radar dual Ka- and Ku-band altimeter Device ^c
• Buoy, stressmeter ^c
• Digital thermistor chain ^c
• Bottom temperature recorder Device ^c
• Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Device ^c
• Hygrometer ^c
• Trap, sediment ^c
• GNSS Receiver ^c
• Flux tower ^c
• Snow fall sensor ^c
• Scatterometer ^c
• Autonomous Underwater Recorder for Acoustic Listening ^c
• Buoy, GNSS ^c
• Stress sensor ^c
• Radiation Station ^c
• Infrared camera ^c
• Underwater membrane inlet mass spectrometer ^c
• Mooring ^c
• Accoustical backscatter sensor (ABS) ^c
• Stress logger ^c
• Multiple investigations ^c
• Microwave Radiometer ^c
• Datalogger ^c
• GNSS multiband antenna ^c
• Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Device ^c
• Ablation stakes hot wire thickness gauge Device ^c
• Ice observation Method ^c
• Weather station/meteorological observation ^c
• Aerosol Observing System ^c
• Radar ^c
• Remote sensing (Light detection and ranging, LiDAR) ^c
• Automatic weather station ^c
• Fish finder echolot, EK60 / EK80 ^c
• Spectrometer, trace gas ^c
• Aerosol sampler ^c
• Atmospheric Observatory Device ^c
• Floe navigation system ^c
• Radon counter ^c
• Gas chromatograph ^c
• Doppler Wind-LiDAR ^c
• Ice radar digitizing system ^c
• Spectral radiometer ^c
• 2D ultrasonic anemometer Device ^c
• 3D ultrasonic anemometer ^c
• Open path CO2 / H2O analyzer ^c
• Gas chromatograph - Mass spectrometer ^c
• Chemiluminescent nitrogen oxides analyzer Device ^c
• Gaseous mercury analyzer ^c
• Ozone analyzer ^c
• Particle counter, snow ^c
• Sonic anemometer ^c
• Mass spectrometer ^c
• GNSS microwave radiometer ^c
• Mesopelagic fish and jellyfish camera system FishCam ^c
• Cavity ring-down spectrometer ^c
• Chemiluminescent fast ozone analyzer Device ^c
• Cavity ring-down greenhouse gas flux analyzer ^c
• Hygrometer and RTD temperature sensor ^c
• Trace gas monitor ^c
• Ozone monitor Device ^c
• Condensation particle counter Device ^c
• Aethalometer Device ^c
• Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter Device ^c
• Valve Device ^c
• Wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor Device ^c
• Neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer Device ^c
• Particle size magnifier Device ^c
• Dynamic Ocean Topography Buoy ^c
• Laser Strain Obsering System ^c
• Snow sampler metal ^c
• Portable seismic station ^c
• Radiosonde ^c
• In situ pump ^c
• Underway water sampling Method ^c
• Snow pit Method ^c
• Laser Particle Sizer (LPS) ^c
• Surface water sample ^c
• Remotely operated sensor platform BEAST ^c
• Hydro-complex pressure sensor ^c
• Microstructure Profiler ^c
• CTD/Rosette ^c
• Terrestrial laser scanner Device ^c
• Hand pump Device ^c
• Longline deployment ^c
• Ring net ^c
• Air-sea ice CO2/CH4 flux chamber system Device ^c
• Multiple opening/closing net ^c
• Light frame on-sight keyspecies investigation ^c
• Tethered balloon ^c
• Unmanned aerial vehicle ^c
• Floe GNSS reflectometry ^c
• Ruler stick ^c
• Bucket water sampling Method ^c
• Ocean bottom seismometer Device ^c
• Air sampler ^c
• Gillnet ^c
• Snow/ice sample ^c
• Fishing rod Device ^c
• Salinometer ^c
• Borehole Jack Device ^c
• High volume air sampler Device ^c
• Buoy, acoustic doppler current profiler ^c
• RBR concerto CTD Device ^c
• Temperature sensor T-chain ^c
• Scatterometer Ku- and X-band Device ^c
• MicroRider Device ^c
• Differential global positioning system (DGPS) ^c
• Buoy ^c
• Gamma spectrometer ^c
• Buoy, drifting ^c
• NA ^c
• Ground-penetrating radar ^c
• Water pump Device ^c
• Remote operated vehicle Seebiber ^c
• Ice drill ^c
• Trap, shorttime ^c
• Mobile Eddy Covariance System ^c
• Bottle, Niskin 5-L ^c
• Apstein net ^c
• Conductivity meter ^c
• Water sample ^c
• MicroCAT ^c
• Vertical microstructure profiler ^c
• Tap ^c
• Bathythermograph ^c
• Radiation-meter ^c
• Aerosol pump Device ^c
• Broadband radiometer ^c
• Autoanalyzer ^c
• Hyperspectral camera ^c
• Cloud and aerosol spectrometer ^c
• Cloud imaging probe ^c
• Nansen closing net ^c
• Albedometer ^c
• Chamber for gas sampling ^c
• Optical particle counter ^c
• Helicopter towed system ^c
• DESY Myon Detector Device ^c
• Neutron monitor Device ^c
• Wave Radar System Device ^c
• AutoFim ^c
• Cloud camera Device ^c
• Water Vapour Isotopes Analyser Device ^c
• Strain Monitoring System ^c
• Radiometer ^c
• Sun photometer ^c
• GPS receiver ^c
• Light/Optics ^c
• Distributed temperature sensor ^c
• Cubic Aerosol Measurement Platform 2 Device ^c
• Salinity sensor ^c
• Spectroradiometer ^c
• Fish sampling Method ^c
• Buoy, CTD ^c
• Acoustical Zoological Fish Profiler ^c
• Buoy, optics ^c
• Aerosol chamber ^c
• Phytoplankton sampler ^c
• Temperature recorder ^c
• Expendable CTD ^c
• CTD, RINKO Profiler ^c
• Net radiometer ^c
• Documentation ^c
• Ice station ^c
• Thermometer probe ^c
• Vis/NIR Spectrometer ^c

• ssn:deployedSystem ^op
• has Device Long Name ^op
• madeBySystem ^op

• has Device Long Name ^op
• has Sensor ID ^dp

• Method/Device ^c
• NERC Terms ^c

this Method/Device spelled as "Laser Strain Obsering System" in source data from MOSAiC site

• NERC Research Vessel Concept ^c
• acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) ^c
• Research Vessel ^c
• Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Device ^c

• Location ^c
• Place ^c

The "_MOSAiC Specific Term" class is a container to organize and isolate the terms that are most frequently used to describe the various components of the MOSAiC Expedition.

Since other established ontologies are imported into this one, a number of extraneous, non-MOSAiC relevant, and unused terms may be present and clutter the presentation. Hopefully, simply presenting this one Class for reference will enable users to enjoy the main advantages of using and exploring this Ontology.

Definitions or descriptions of these term as described on the Pangaea website are provided in the Annotation fields associated with each MOSAIC term.

The main patterns semantically modeled here are as such:

There are 9 Campaigns, which correspond most closely to a "Cruise", or "Leg" although campaigns can involve stationary or aerial platforms.

Each Campaign has a Basis, which is typically a Research Vessel (e.g. the Polarstern) or Aircraft (Polar 5 & 6).

Each Campaign has one or more Chief Scientists, and a Research Location.

The Basis of a Campaign, and its hosted Events, are indicated by the first two initials in the labels of the Campaigns and Events-- e.g. PS122/1 is the first (indicated by the '/1') Campaign (or "Leg") of the 122'nd voyage of the Polarstern (Basis). PS122/2 would be the second Campaign of the 122'nd voyage of the Polarstern, etc. Again-- these "Campaigns" are irregularly referred to elsewhere as "Legs" or "Cruises"-- with their own unique Cruise numbers.

Campaigns "host" numerous Events, meaning those Events occurred during that Campaign. Events bear cryptic labels that map to distinct Sensor or Sampling efforts that result in the collection of data. Events extend on the naming scheme for Campaigns, with a numbering system that appears to be temporally sequenced. For example, Event PS122/1_5-10 probably commenced before PS122/1_5-100. (Note that this temporal information is not captured in the Ontology as of version 1.001.)

Each Event results in the collection of data by some Sensor or Sampling Device. These "Methods and Devices" are organized under the "Method/Device" hierarchy in the MOSAiC Ontology, that includes the names of each type of Sensor/Sampling device as SubClasses. Each Method/Device SubClass can further have one to several more specifically named devices that perform that type of Measurement. For example, the "Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Device" SubClass contains 6 specific types of ADCP sensor instruments, modeled as Instances with their "Device Long Name".

The MOSAiC team associated each Sensor/Sampling device with a "Short Name" as well. Most "Long Name" Sensor/Samplers have a only single "Short Name" associated with them (sometimes identical to the "Long Name"), but this is not always the case. For example, Device with "Long Name" = "particle size magnifer" has two Device "Short Names" associated with it-- "PSM_UHEL1" and "PSM_UHEL2".

Method/Devices are associated with Events via their "Device Long Name", through the predicate "has deployment". Details about inverse and equivalent properties that are represented in the Ontology, providing other potential ways to discover connections, are too detailed to discuss here. Consult the Ontology.

Associated with each "Short Name" in the Ontology is a URI on the Alfred Wegener Institue website, pointing to further detailed information about that Sensor, e.g. this one for one of the ADCP devices: https://hdl.handle.net/10013/sensor.3bf53c89-fbed-4486-b5f3-2856fcd76def

A Dataset is the outcome/output of an Event. Every dataset contains measurements that can be linked to some Event that used some Device (with most detailed description provided by the URI assocated with its "Short Name"); and is from some Campaign, that was performed on some Basis with some Chief Scientist(s), and some Research Location.

(For demonstration purposes, this Ontology contains a single reference to a test dataset instance, findable by searching for "urn" -- where these assocations can be seen. We could link such datasets to specific Events, but since the Events are manifested at level of measurement values in the dataset, these associations are made evident through the Arctic Data Center search portal: http://arcticdata.io, where the PROVO "wasGeneratedBy" predicate is used.)

Comments or questions to Mark Schildhauer (schild@nceas.ucsb.edu).

• ssn:Deployment ^c
• Campaign ^c
• Chief Scientist ^c
• Basis ^c
• Method/Device ^c
• Device Long Name ^c
• Device Short Name ^c
• schema:Event ^c

• A data set is a collection of data (from one or several events that is organized in a matrix and is mostly put together in a scientific context. Data in PANGAEA are organized in predefined data sets which are quite similar to the original files uploaded by the author (e.g. one table in one Excel sheet).

  The granularity of a data set depends on the type of data and the number of data points, and is primarily in the decision of the data author. In principle, a PANGAEA data set can have an unlimited number of columns and lines (excel 2003: 65,536 x 256; excel 2008: >1 Mio x 16,384) - Examples:

  17 columns doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.821166

  2,000,000+ lines doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.701279

  22,600,000+ lines (in ascii: 551 MB; in ASE +index: 2.2 GB; export from IQ +DOI: 1.44 GB) (Fig. 2) doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.758918

  A data set may contain one to many data series = parameters. Two or many data sets may be grouped into one parent set. Access restrictions can be defined for a complete data set only. Each data set consists of the data and the metadata according to ISO standard fields (ISO 19115). A data set appears on the Internet with a metaheader which contains the information as described below.

• Schema.org describes "Dataset" thusly: A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest.

• Data sets published in PANGAEA are usually associated with an EVENT (synonyms site, station). An EVENT typically refers to the sampling event at which the data was obtained. Data submitters must provide sufficient information about these events, the EVENT label and latitude/longitude being mandatory information.

  EVENT is a rather generic term, depending on the type of data it can refer to (for example):

  Stations (during a cruise, expedition, field campaign) Deployments of sampling devices / sensors (device operation ID) Sampling events/ measurements along a transect / profile Sampling / observation time series Geographical origin of organisms (also of culture organisms) Time and space limited surveys Mappings Moorings Multiple investigations at a single site Field experiments Sample labels

• "Event" is ambiguous in the context of the MOSAiC Expedition, potentially indicating many different types of activities, places, or products, as described in the extract above taken verbatim from the Pangaea website.

  In this Ontology, "Event" is being presented in the way it was most typically used on the MOSAiC data archive accessed through the Pangaea website-- as a "label" for a Sampling Event, involving the collection of one type of data collected by a specific type of "Method/Device", that is described by the "Device Long Name" and an associated "Device Short Name". In the PROVO ontology, a Method/Device is characterized as a System, that includes either Samplers or Sensors. This Ontology does not classify Systems as being either Samplers or Sensors, and this would be a useful enhancement for future versions.

  The Event is also characterized by some additional metadata about the Latitude, Longitude, Datetime, etc. describing where and when the data were collected.

• ssn:deployedSystem ^op
• madeBySystem ^op

• sosa:hosts ^op
• hasEvent ^op

A person (alive, dead, undead, or fictional).

Entities that have a somewhat fixed, physical extension.

• Beginning of a temporal entity

• Comienzo de una entidad temporal.

• Beginning of a temporal entity.

• End of a temporal entity.

• Final de una entidad temporal.

• El sistema de referencia temporal utilizado por una posición temporal o descripción de extensión.

• The temporal reference system used by a temporal position or extent description.

• Proporciona soporte a la asociación de una entidad temporal (instante o intervalo) a cualquier cosa.

• Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing

• Need to add:

  Domain: prov:Entity (http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity) Range: prov:Activity (http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity)

• Generation is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation.

• Need to add:

  Domain: prov:Activity (http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity) Range: prov:Entity (http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity)

• Generation is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generatio

The subject matter of the content.

The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the location in a photograph or painting.

A sub property of location. The original location of the object or the agent before the action.

Indicates an item or CreativeWork that is part of this item, or CreativeWork (in some sense).

• hasDatasetPart ^op
• hasEvent ^op

Indicates an item or CreativeWork that this item, or CreativeWork (in some sense), is part of.

• isPartOfCampaign ^op
• isEventFromCampaign ^op

The location of, for example, where an event is happening, where an organization is located, or where an action takes place.

• fromLocation ^op
• toLocation ^op

Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other CreativeWork.

A sub property of location. The final location of the object or the agent after the action.

The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue.

• Extensión de una entidad temporal, expresada utilizando xsd:duration.

• Extent of a temporal entity, expressed using xsd:duration

• Posición de un instante, expresado utilizando xsd:dateTimeStamp.

• Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTimeStamp

The end date and time of the item (in ISO 8601 date format).

The start date and time of the item (in ISO 8601 date format).

• El sistema de referencia temporal utilizado por una posición temporal o descripción de extensión.

• The temporal reference system used by a temporal position or extent description.